Formal:
* Tardiness
* Unpunctuality
* Delinquency (when referring to a deadline)
* Procrastination (when referring to a delay caused by putting something off)
Informal:
* Being late
* Running behind
* Coming in late
* Being delayed
* Holding up
More specific:
* Exceeding the deadline
* Missing the deadline
* Being late for work/school/the meeting
* Arriving after the scheduled time
The best word to use will depend on the specific situation and the desired tone.