Here's a breakdown:
* Adverbial clauses function like adverbs, providing additional information about the verb, adjective, or another adverb in the main clause.
* Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns.
* Verbs show action or state of being.
* Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Examples:
* Adverbial clause modifying a verb: *The dog barked loudly because he was scared.* (The adverbial clause "because he was scared" modifies the verb "barked" by explaining why the dog barked.)
* Adverbial clause modifying an adjective: *The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down.* (The adverbial clause "that I couldn't put it down" modifies the adjective "interesting" by explaining the degree of interest.)
* Adverbial clause modifying an adverb: *He ran as fast as he could.* (The adverbial clause "as fast as he could" modifies the adverb "fast" by explaining the extent of his speed.)
Common conjunctions that introduce adverbial clauses:
* Time: after, before, since, until, when, while
* Cause and effect: because, since, as
* Contrast: although, though, even though
* Condition: if, unless
* Purpose: so that, in order that
* Place: where, wherever
Remember: Adverbial clauses add depth and meaning to sentences by providing extra information about the action, description, or degree.