What is a clause having subject and verb that relates to something else in the sentence?

A clause having a subject and verb that relates to something else in the sentence is called a dependent clause or subordinate clause.

Here's why:

* Subject and Verb: It has its own subject performing an action (verb).

* Relates to something else: It doesn't stand alone as a complete thought. It depends on an independent clause (a complete sentence) for its meaning.

Examples:

* "Because the sun was shining" (dependent clause) "we decided to go for a walk." (independent clause)

* "When you get home" (dependent clause) "please call me." (independent clause)

Types of Dependent Clauses:

* Adverb clauses: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, telling *when, where, why, how, to what extent,* etc. (e.g., "Because the sun was shining.")

* Adjective clauses: Modify nouns or pronouns, giving more information about them. (e.g., "The book that I borrowed is missing.")

* Noun clauses: Function as nouns, acting as subjects, objects, or complements. (e.g., "What you said is important.")

Remember, dependent clauses need an independent clause to make a complete sentence.