1. Context:
* Surrounding words: The words around a new word can provide clues to its meaning. Look for synonyms, antonyms, or words that describe the new word's function.
* Sentence structure: The way the word is used in the sentence can give hints about its role (subject, object, etc.) and its meaning.
* Paragraph and overall text: The context of the larger piece of writing can help you understand the word's meaning in relation to the overall message.
2. Word Structure:
* Prefixes and suffixes: These word parts often have specific meanings. Knowing common prefixes and suffixes can help you decipher a new word. For example, the prefix "un-" usually means "not," while the suffix "-ing" often indicates a present participle.
* Root words: The base word (root) can provide a core meaning that is modified by prefixes and suffixes.
3. Word Relationships:
* Synonyms: Words that have similar meanings can help clarify a new word.
* Antonyms: Words with opposite meanings can also be helpful in understanding a new word.
* Etymology: The origin and historical development of a word can offer clues about its meaning.
4. Resources:
* Dictionaries: Always a reliable source for definitions and word origins.
* Thesaurus: Can help you find synonyms and antonyms for a new word.
* Online resources: Many websites offer word definitions, examples of usage, and explanations of word origins.
5. Your Prior Knowledge:
* Background knowledge: Your knowledge of the topic or subject discussed can help you guess the meaning of unfamiliar words.
* General vocabulary: The more words you know, the easier it will be to understand new words based on their relationships to familiar words.
By combining these methods, you can effectively decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words and expand your vocabulary.