What is the word for a sentence that make sense by itself?

There isn't one specific word for a sentence that makes sense by itself. However, here are some terms that describe this concept:

* Independent clause: This is the most accurate and technical term. An independent clause contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

* Complete sentence: This is a more general term that simply means a sentence that is grammatically correct and conveys a complete thought.

* Simple sentence: This term is used when a sentence contains only one independent clause.

All of these terms describe a sentence that makes sense by itself and can stand alone.