Examples:
* Part for Whole:
* "Wheels" to refer to a car.
* "The crown" to refer to the monarchy.
* "Suits" to refer to business people.
* Whole for Part:
* "Man" to refer to mankind.
* "Bread" to refer to food.
* "The army" to refer to a soldier.
Key Features of Synecdoche:
* It uses a specific and concrete term to refer to a larger, more abstract concept.
* It creates a sense of concreteness and immediacy.
* It can be used for emphasis or to create a particular effect.
Examples in Literature:
* "I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas." (T.S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock") - "Claws" represent the whole crab, symbolizing the speaker's sense of alienation.
* "All hands on deck!" - "Hands" refer to the sailors, emphasizing the urgency of the situation.
Distinction from Metonymy:
While synecdoche uses a part for the whole or vice versa, metonymy uses an associated concept to represent something else. For example, "the White House" (the building) to refer to the president (the person).
In summary, synecdoche is a powerful literary device that can add depth and meaning to language by using a part to represent the whole or vice versa.