Here's a breakdown:
* Independent clause: A complete sentence with a subject and a verb that can stand alone.
* Comma splice: Two independent clauses joined with only a comma, creating a run-on sentence.
Example of a comma splice:
* Incorrect: The sun was setting, the birds were singing.
* Correct: The sun was setting. The birds were singing. (Separate sentences)
* Correct: The sun was setting, and the birds were singing. (Joined with a conjunction)
Why are comma splices wrong?
Comma splices create confusion because they make it unclear where one sentence ends and the next begins. They can make your writing seem sloppy and unprofessional.
How to fix comma splices:
There are several ways to fix a comma splice:
1. Separate into two sentences: Use a period to separate the independent clauses.
2. Use a conjunction: Add a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet) and a comma before it.
3. Use a semicolon: Use a semicolon to separate the independent clauses.
4. Use a subordinating conjunction: Turn one of the independent clauses into a dependent clause by adding a subordinating conjunction (because, since, although, while, etc.).
Example of corrected sentences:
* The sun was setting. The birds were singing. (Separated into two sentences)
* The sun was setting, and the birds were singing. (Joined with a conjunction)
* The sun was setting; the birds were singing. (Joined with a semicolon)
* Because the sun was setting, the birds were singing. (One clause made dependent)
In short, a comma splice is a grammatical error that occurs when two independent clauses are joined with only a comma. It's important to avoid comma splices in your writing to ensure clarity and professionalism.