Parts of speech describe the grammatical function of a word in a sentence. Examples include:
* Nouns: Person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, chair, happiness)
* Verbs: Actions or states of being (e.g., run, sleep, be, become)
* Adjectives: Describe nouns (e.g., big, red, happy)
* Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, always)
* Pronouns: Replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it, they)
* Prepositions: Show relationships between words (e.g., on, in, under)
* Conjunctions: Connect words or phrases (e.g., and, but, or)
* Interjections: Express strong emotion (e.g., Wow! Ouch!)
Proper nouns are specific names for people, places, or things. They are capitalized. Examples include:
* People: John Smith, Queen Elizabeth II
* Places: London, Mount Everest, the Pacific Ocean
* Things: iPhone, Facebook, The Beatles
While proper nouns function as nouns in a sentence, they are not a separate part of speech. They are a type of noun.