The part of a sentence that receives the action express by verb is called?

The part of a sentence that receives the action expressed by the verb is called the direct object.

Here's an example:

* The dog chased the ball.

In this sentence:

* "The dog" is the subject (the one performing the action)

* "chased" is the verb (the action)

* "the ball" is the direct object (the thing receiving the action of being chased).