Here are some options depending on the nuance you're looking for:
* Informal vs. Formal: If you're thinking about the formality of the communication, you could use chat : talk :: gossip : discussion.
* Length and Depth: If you're thinking about the length and depth of the conversation, you could use chat : talk :: casual : serious.
* Number of Participants: If you're thinking about the number of people involved, you could use chat : talk :: one-on-one : group.
Let me know if you have a particular aspect of "chat" and "talk" in mind, and I can give you a more specific answer!