Here's a breakdown:
* Modifier: Any word, phrase, or clause that adds details or information to another word or phrase.
* Non-restrictive: Means that the modifier is not necessary to understand the basic meaning of the sentence. It adds extra information but doesn't change the core meaning.
* Restrictive: Means that the modifier is essential to understand the meaning of the sentence. If you remove it, the meaning would be unclear or changed.
Here are some examples:
* Non-restrictive: "My car, which is red, needs a wash." (The car needing a wash is the important part, the color is extra information.)
* Restrictive: "The car that needs a wash is mine." (Here, "that needs a wash" identifies *which* car is being discussed.)
Key Points:
* Non-restrictive modifiers are usually set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses.
* Restrictive modifiers are not set off by punctuation.
Let me know if you'd like more examples or want to explore other grammar concepts!