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What is the name for a word that stands something other than its primary meaning?

The term you're looking for is figurative language.

Figurative language uses words or phrases in a non-literal way to create a particular effect, often to emphasize or enhance meaning. This includes:

* Metaphors: Comparing two things without using "like" or "as" (e.g., "He is a lion in battle.")

* Similes: Comparing two things using "like" or "as" (e.g., "He fights like a lion.")

* Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or animals (e.g., "The wind whispered secrets.")

* Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis (e.g., "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.")

* Idioms: Phrases with a figurative meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words (e.g., "He kicked the bucket.")

* Symbolism: Using an object or concept to represent something else (e.g., a dove representing peace)

Therefore, the word you are looking for is not a single word but rather a broader concept that encompasses various types of figurative language.

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