Here's a breakdown:
* Dependent Clause: A group of words that contains a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence. It needs an independent clause to complete its meaning.
* Independent Clause: A group of words that contains a subject and verb and can stand alone as a sentence.
* Subordinating Conjunction: The word or phrase that connects the dependent clause to the independent clause. It shows the relationship between the two clauses.
Examples:
* Because the sun was shining, I went for a walk.
* Dependent Clause: *Because the sun was shining* (cannot stand alone)
* Independent Clause: *I went for a walk.* (can stand alone)
* Subordinating Conjunction: *Because*
* Although I was tired, I stayed up late to finish my work.
* Dependent Clause: *Although I was tired* (cannot stand alone)
* Independent Clause: *I stayed up late to finish my work.* (can stand alone)
* Subordinating Conjunction: *Although*
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions and the relationships they express:
* Time: after, before, since, until, when, while
* Cause and Effect: because, since, so that
* Contrast: although, though, even though, while, whereas
* Condition: if, unless, provided that
* Comparison: as if, as though
* Purpose: in order that, so that
* Place: where, wherever
Understanding Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are essential for creating complex sentences and expressing a variety of relationships between ideas. They allow you to add details, explanations, and nuances to your writing, making it more engaging and informative.