Formal:
* J'ai travaillé hier soir. (This is the most literal translation and the most common way to say it.)
* J'ai effectué mon travail hier soir. (This is a bit more formal, emphasizing the completion of work.)
Informal:
* J'ai bossé hier soir. (This is a more casual way of saying "I worked" and is commonly used among friends and family.)
* J'ai fait des heures supplémentaires hier soir. (This means "I worked overtime last night.")
You can also use other verbs to express the specific type of work you did:
* J'ai étudié hier soir. (I studied last night.)
* J'ai cuisiné hier soir. (I cooked last night.)
* J'ai joué de la guitare hier soir. (I played guitar last night.)
The best way to choose the right phrase is to consider the situation and your relationship with the person you are speaking to.