General terms:
* Proverb: A short, well-known saying that expresses a common truth or piece of advice.
* Adage: Similar to a proverb, but often emphasizes the wisdom or experience behind the saying.
* Saying: A general term for any expression that is commonly used.
* Maxim: A concise expression of a general truth or rule of conduct.
* Aphorism: A pithy observation that contains a general truth.
More specific terms:
* Folklore: A traditional saying that is passed down through generations in a particular culture.
* Epithet: A descriptive phrase or name that is traditionally used to refer to a person or thing.
* Cliché: A phrase or idea that has become overused and lost its original meaning.
Examples:
* "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." This is a proverb that expresses the value of having something certain over something uncertain.
* "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." This is an adage that suggests the benefits of a disciplined lifestyle.
* "The pen is mightier than the sword." This is a maxim that emphasizes the power of words over violence.
The best word to use will depend on the specific context and the type of saying you are referring to.