Nouns
* Function: Nouns name people, places, things, ideas, or qualities. They are the core of a sentence, serving as the subject, object, or complement.
* Types:
* Common Nouns: General names (e.g., dog, city, happiness).
* Proper Nouns: Specific names (e.g., Fido, New York, Joy).
* Concrete Nouns: Tangible things (e.g., table, book, flower).
* Abstract Nouns: Ideas, concepts, qualities (e.g., love, freedom, justice).
* Collective Nouns: Groups of people or things (e.g., team, flock, family).
* Attributes:
* Number: Singular (one) or plural (more than one).
* Gender: Masculine (he/him), feminine (she/her), or neuter (it).
* Case: Nominative (subject), objective (object), possessive (ownership).
* Declension: Change in form to indicate case, number, and gender (more relevant in languages like Latin).
Pronouns
* Function: Pronouns stand in for nouns to avoid repetition. They can act as the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.
* Types:
* Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
* Possessive Pronouns: Show ownership (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
* Reflexive Pronouns: Refer back to the subject of the sentence (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves).
* Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to specific things (e.g., this, that, these, those).
* Interrogative Pronouns: Used in questions (e.g., who, whom, whose, what, which).
* Relative Pronouns: Connect clauses (e.g., who, whom, whose, which, that).
* Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to nonspecific people or things (e.g., someone, anyone, everybody, nothing, all, some, few).
* Attributes:
* Person: First (speaker), second (listener), third (other).
* Number: Singular or plural.
* Gender: Masculine, feminine, or neuter (in some cases).
* Case: Nominative, objective, possessive.
Key Differences:
* Specificity: Nouns can be specific or general; pronouns usually refer to a specific noun already mentioned.
* Variety: Nouns have a wider range of types and categories than pronouns.
* Repetition: Pronouns are designed to avoid repeating nouns.
Examples:
* Noun: The dog barked at the mailman.
* Pronoun: He barked at him. (The pronoun "he" replaces "dog" and "him" replaces "mailman")