* If the sentence ends before the parentheses: You place one period after the parentheses.
Example: "I bought groceries: bread, milk, eggs, etc."
* If the sentence ends within the parentheses: You place one period inside the parentheses.
Example: "We discussed various topics (e.g., the weather, the news, etc.)."
The key is that there's only ever one period to end a sentence. The period goes either at the end of the sentence or within the parentheses, depending on where the sentence ends.