Personal Pronouns
| English | Formal | Informal | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Ako | Ako | |
| You (singular, polite) | Kayo | Ikaw | |
| You (singular, informal) | Ikaw | Ikaw | |
| You (plural) | Kayo | Kayo | |
| He/She/It | Siya | Siya | |
| We (inclusive) | Tayo | Tayo | Includes the listener(s) |
| We (exclusive) | Kami | Kami | Excludes the listener(s) |
| They | Sila | Sila | |
Note:
* Formal vs. Informal: Tagalog distinguishes between formal and informal speech, especially when addressing someone. "Kayo" is the formal singular "you," while "ikaw" is the informal singular "you."
* "Siya" for "he/she/it": Tagalog doesn't have separate pronouns for "he," "she," and "it." "Siya" serves all three.
* "Tayo" and "Kami" for "We": "Tayo" is used when the speaker includes the listener(s), while "Kami" excludes the listener(s).
Possessive Pronouns
| English | Formal | Informal | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine | Akin | Akin | |
| Yours (singular, polite) | Ninyo | Iyo | |
| Yours (singular, informal) | Iyo | Iyo | |
| Yours (plural) | Ninyo | Ninyo | |
| His/Hers/Its | Kaniya | Kaniya | |
| Ours (inclusive) | Natin | Natin | |
| Ours (exclusive) | Amin | Amin | |
| Theirs | Kanila | Kanila | |
Example Sentences
* Ako ang nagluto ng hapunan. (I cooked dinner.)
* Ikaw ba ang nagpunta sa tindahan? (Did you go to the store?)
* Siya ang aking kaibigan. (He/She is my friend.)
* Tayo na lang ang pupunta sa sine. (Let's just go to the movies.)
* Kami ang mga mag-aaral. (We are the students.)
* Akin ang lapis na ito. (This pencil is mine.)
* Sa iyo ba ang bag na ito? (Is this bag yours?)
Important Notes:
* Pronoun Placement: In Tagalog, pronouns often come before the verb, especially in formal speech.
* Emphasis: Pronouns can be used to emphasize a particular person or thing. For example, "Siya ang nagluto ng hapunan," emphasizes that "she" was the one who cooked dinner.
Let me know if you have any other questions. 😊