This/These
* This refers to a singular noun that is close to the speaker.
* Example: "This book is my favorite."
* These refers to multiple nouns that are close to the speaker.
* Example: "These cookies are delicious."
That/Those
* That refers to a singular noun that is farther away from the speaker.
* Example: "That car is fast."
* Those refers to multiple nouns that are farther away from the speaker.
* Example: "Those birds are singing."
Examples in context:
* "I like this shirt better than that one." (This refers to a shirt close to the speaker, that refers to a shirt farther away.)
* "These shoes are new, and those are old." (These refers to shoes close to the speaker, those refers to shoes farther away.)
* "Look at those clouds in the sky." (Those refers to clouds that are far away.)
Key things to remember about demonstrative pronouns:
* They point to specific nouns.
* They can be singular or plural.
* They indicate distance from the speaker (near or far).