Paralanguage:
* Focuses on the vocal elements of communication, beyond the actual words spoken.
* Includes:
* Tone of voice: Pitch, volume, intonation, and rhythm.
* Voice quality: Breathy, nasal, raspy, etc.
* Speech rate: How fast or slow you speak.
* Pauses and fillers: "Uh," "um," silence, etc.
* Vocalizations: Laughing, sighing, crying.
* Impacts the interpretation of the message. For example, saying "I'm fine" with a flat, monotone voice conveys a different message than saying it with a cheerful tone.
Nonverbal Communication:
* Encompasses all forms of communication that are not verbal, including:
* Body language: Gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact.
* Proxemics: Use of personal space.
* Haptics: Touch.
* Appearance: Clothing, hair, accessories.
* Artifacts: Objects used to communicate, like gifts or jewelry.
* Can be intentional or unintentional. Some nonverbal cues are consciously controlled, while others are more instinctive.
* Often carries more weight than verbal communication. Studies show that the majority of a message's meaning is conveyed nonverbally.
In summary:
* Paralanguage focuses on how you speak, while nonverbal communication encompasses a broader range of communication cues.
* Both can enhance or contradict verbal messages, contributing to the overall meaning of communication.
Think of it like this: Imagine someone saying, "I'm so happy to see you!"
* Paralanguage: If they say it in a flat, monotone voice, the message might seem insincere. If they say it with a bright, enthusiastic tone, the message feels genuine.
* Nonverbal communication: A big smile, open posture, and warm eye contact reinforce the verbal message of happiness. But if they say it while avoiding eye contact, crossing their arms, and frowning, the nonverbal cues contradict the verbal message, making it seem insincere.