Singular:
* This: Refers to something near the speaker.
* "This is my favorite book."
* That: Refers to something farther away from the speaker.
* "That is the house I used to live in."
* These: Refers to something plural and near the speaker.
* "These are the flowers I picked for you."
* Those: Refers to something plural and farther away from the speaker.
* "Those are the birds that live in the garden."
Important Notes:
* Demonstrative pronouns can also be used to refer to things that are mentioned earlier in the conversation or text.
* "I have two dogs. This one is named Max."
* Demonstrative pronouns can be used to emphasize something.
* "This is the most important decision you'll ever make."
* Demonstrative pronouns can be used to contrast two things.
* "This is the old version, and that is the new version."
Let me know if you'd like more examples or need clarification on any of these points!