Here's why it's not transitive, intransitive, or linking:
* Transitive verbs take a direct object (the thing being acted upon). For example, "He *sent* a letter."
* Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object. For example, "She *slept*."
* Linking verbs connect a subject to a subject complement (which renames or describes the subject). For example, "He *is* tired."
"Belated" doesn't act as a verb in any of these ways. It modifies a noun or pronoun, like in these examples:
* "He gave a belated birthday present."
* "The belated apology was sincere."
* "We received a belated invitation."
In all these examples, "belated" describes the noun (present, apology, invitation).