Here are some examples:
* "She was diagnosed with Lyme disease last summer."
* "Scientists are still working to understand the long-term effects of Alzheimer's disease."
* "Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder."
Exceptions:
* Common names for diseases are not usually capitalized:
* "She had the flu."
* "He contracted a cold."
* Some diseases are named after a person, but the name is used as an adjective. These are not capitalized:
* "He has a Parkinson's tremor."
* "It's a Hodgkin's lymphoma."
In doubt, capitalize! It's always better to capitalize a disease name than not, as it shows respect for the condition and its impact.