1. Formal Language in Linguistics:
* Syntax: This refers to the strict rules governing the structure of sentences. Formal language has very specific grammatical structures and sentence patterns, often adhering to a prescriptive set of rules.
* Vocabulary: Formal language typically employs a more sophisticated and elevated vocabulary. It avoids colloquialisms, slang, and contractions.
* Tone: Formal language is characterized by a serious and objective tone. It lacks emotional language and personal opinions.
Examples:
* Formal: "The scientific experiment yielded inconclusive results."
* Informal: "The test didn't work out."
2. Formal Language in Computer Science:
* Programming Languages: These languages are used to create software programs. They have strict syntax rules and precise meaning for each symbol and keyword.
* Logic and Mathematics: Formal languages are used to represent mathematical concepts and logical arguments in a precise and unambiguous way.
3. Formal Language in Communication:
* Formal Writing: This refers to written communication used in professional or academic settings. Examples include essays, research papers, business letters, and legal documents.
* Formal Speech: This refers to spoken language used in professional or formal settings. Examples include presentations, speeches, and courtroom proceedings.
Key Characteristics of Formal Language:
* Precision: Words are used with specific meanings, minimizing ambiguity.
* Objectivity: Personal opinions and biases are avoided.
* Clarity: Sentences are constructed to be easily understood.
* Conciseness: Language is kept concise and to the point.
It's important to note that the level of formality can vary depending on the situation. For instance, a legal document will be much more formal than a friendly email to a colleague.