General Rule:
* Use a semicolon to separate two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related in meaning.
The Issue with Commas:
* Commas within a phrase: Commas within a phrase (like a list or a description) do *not* automatically create a need for a semicolon.
Examples:
Semicolon is necessary:
* *He went to the store; he needed milk, eggs, and bread.* (Two complete sentences)
Semicolon is NOT necessary:
* *He went to the store, which is located on Main Street, to buy milk, eggs, and bread.* (One sentence with commas within phrases)
The Key:
* Focus on the structure: Look for independent clauses (complete sentences that could stand alone). If you have two of these, a semicolon is a good choice.
* Check for comma splices: Don't confuse a comma for a semicolon if you're simply separating phrases within a single sentence.
In Doubt?
If you're unsure, rephrase the sentence to avoid the ambiguity.