1. "Until" as a Preposition:
* When "until" acts as a preposition (introducing a phrase that modifies a verb), a comma is not needed.
* Example: He worked until midnight.
2. "Until" as a Conjunction:
* When "until" acts as a conjunction (connecting two independent clauses), a comma is needed before it.
* Example: We stayed at the beach all day, until the sun began to set.
3. "Until" in Complex Sentences:
* If "until" introduces a dependent clause (one that can't stand alone as a sentence), a comma is usually not needed.
* Example: I will wait here until you return.
Important Note:
* The presence or absence of a comma before "until" can affect the meaning of the sentence. It's important to carefully consider the sentence structure and how "until" is functioning within it.