1. "After all" as a phrase introducing a new idea:
* Yes, use a comma. This happens when "after all" introduces a new thought or argument.
* Example: "I don't want to go to the party, but after all, it's my friend's birthday."
2. "After all" as a concluding phrase:
* No comma needed. This happens when "after all" summarizes or concludes a previous idea.
* Example: "It was a difficult journey, but we made it after all."
In short, consider the role of "after all" in your sentence. If it introduces a new thought, use a comma. If it concludes a thought, no comma is needed.