General terms:
* Speech
* Address
* Lecture
* Presentation
* Discourse
More specific terms:
* Keynote address: A speech given at the beginning of a conference or event.
* Inaugural address: A speech given by a newly elected official.
* Commencement address: A speech given at a graduation ceremony.
* Eulogy: A speech given at a funeral.
* Toast: A brief speech given to celebrate a person or occasion.
* Acceptance speech: A speech given after receiving an award.
Informal terms:
* Talk
* Presentation
* Keynote
Ultimately, the best term to use will depend on the specific context.