Here are some common subordinating conjunctions, categorized by the type of relationship they express:
Time:
* after
* as
* as long as
* as soon as
* before
* since
* until
* when
* whenever
* while
Cause and Effect:
* because
* since
* so that
* as
Contrast:
* although
* even though
* though
* while
* whereas
Condition:
* if
* unless
* in case
* provided that
* as long as
Purpose:
* so that
* in order that
Comparison:
* as
* than
Concession:
* although
* even though
* though
Place:
* where
* wherever
Manner:
* as
* how
Examples:
* Because it was raining, we stayed inside. (Cause and Effect)
* When I get home, I will call you. (Time)
* Although he is tall, he is not very strong. (Contrast)
* If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (Condition)
It is important to remember that not all conjunctions introduce dependent clauses. Some conjunctions, such as "and," "but," and "or," connect two independent clauses.
You can also use relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) to introduce dependent clauses, often called relative clauses.