1. Separating items in a list:
* Example: I bought apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes.
2. Separating independent clauses:
* Example: The sun was shining, but the air was cold.
3. Setting off introductory phrases and clauses:
* Example: After a long day at work, I went for a walk.
4. Separating words or phrases that have the same grammatical function:
* Example: She is a talented musician, singer, and songwriter.
5. Indicating a pause in a sentence:
* Example: I went to the store, but I forgot to buy milk.
6. Separating numbers in large numerals:
* Example: 1,000,000
7. Setting off appositives:
* Example: My friend, John, is a great cook.
8. Setting off parentheticals:
* Example: The meeting, which was scheduled for Tuesday, has been postponed.
9. Separating dates and addresses:
* Example: July 4, 1776
* Example: 123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 12345
10. Other uses:
* In letters: Dear Sir/Madam,
* In numbers: 1, 2, 3
Commas help to make writing clear, concise, and easy to read. They guide the reader through the text, separating ideas and indicating pauses.
It's important to note that comma usage can be complex and sometimes depends on the specific context of the sentence. There are many rules and exceptions to learn. If you're unsure about whether to use a comma, it's always best to consult a grammar guide or dictionary.