Here are some common rules for comma placement:
1. Joining Independent Clauses
* Use a comma before a conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) that connects two independent clauses.
* Example: *I went to the store, and I bought some milk.*
2. Introductory Phrases
* Use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause.
* Example: *After finishing my homework, I went for a walk.*
3. Nonessential Clauses and Phrases
* Use commas to set off nonessential clauses or phrases that provide additional information but are not crucial to the sentence's meaning.
* Example: *My dog, who loves to play fetch, is always happy to see me.*
4. Lists and Series
* Use commas to separate items in a list or series.
* Example: *I need to buy apples, oranges, and bananas.*
* Use a comma before the conjunction "and" in a series of three or more items.
5. Direct Address
* Use commas to set off a direct address.
* Example: *John, could you please pass the salt?*
6. Dates and Locations
* Use commas to separate the day from the year in a date.
* Example: *The meeting is on October 27, 2023.*
* Use commas to separate the city from the state or country.
* Example: *I live in Denver, Colorado.*
7. Interjections
* Use commas to set off interjections.
* Example: *Wow, that's amazing!*
8. Appositives
* Use commas to set off appositives (words or phrases that rename a noun).
* Example: *My friend, Sarah, is coming to visit.*
9. Clarity and Avoid Ambiguity
* Sometimes, a comma is needed for clarity, even if it doesn't follow a specific rule.
* Example: *I ate the cookies, which were on the table.* (Without the comma, it sounds like you ate the table!)
Note: These are just the most common rules. There are many exceptions and nuances to comma usage. If you're unsure about a particular comma placement, it's always best to consult a grammar guide or dictionary.