1. Syntactic Parallelism: This involves using the same grammatical structure to express related ideas. It creates a sense of rhythm and balance.
* Example: "The boy ran fast, the girl swam strong, and the dog barked loud." (all phrases use verb + adverb structure)
2. Semantic Parallelism: This focuses on repeating similar meanings or ideas, but using different words or phrases. It adds emphasis and creates a sense of unity.
* Example: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood." (repeating the idea of a dream)
3. Phonological Parallelism: This involves using similar sounds to create a musical effect. It can be achieved through repetition of sounds, rhymes, or alliteration.
* Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked." (repetition of "P" sounds)
Note: While it is common to speak of "phrases" in parallelism, the term "clause" is more accurate, as parallelism often involves the repetition of complete grammatical structures.