Here's a breakdown:
* Grammar is the complete system of rules that governs a language. It covers all aspects of the language, including:
* Syntax: How words are arranged in sentences.
* Morphology: The structure of words (e.g., prefixes, suffixes).
* Phonology: The sounds of the language.
* Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences.
* Pragmatics: How language is used in different contexts.
* Syntax is a subset of grammar that specifically focuses on how words are arranged into phrases and sentences. It deals with the order of words and how they are combined to create grammatical structures.
Think of it this way:
* Grammar is like a house, encompassing all the rooms and features.
* Syntax is like one room in the house, focusing on the arrangement of furniture and how people move around within that space.
Examples:
* Grammar: "The cat sat on the mat." This sentence is grammatically correct because it follows the rules of English grammar.
* Syntax: "The cat on the mat sat." This sentence is grammatically incorrect because the order of words is wrong. The word "sat" should come after "the cat," not after "the mat."
In short, syntax is a part of grammar that focuses on word order, while grammar encompasses all the rules of a language.