1. To make or become: This is the most common meaning of "-en" and it is often used to create verbs from adjectives or nouns.
* Examples:
* Strengthen: to make stronger
* Widen: to make wider
* Darken: to make darker
* Harden: to make hard
* Soften: to make soft
2. Made of or consisting of: "-en" can also be used to indicate material or composition.
* Examples:
* Wooden: made of wood
* Golden: made of gold
* Leatheren: made of leather
3. Belonging to: This meaning is less common and is primarily used in archaic or poetic language.
* Examples:
* Heaven: belonging to heaven
* Earthly: belonging to the earth
4. Past Participle: In some cases, "-en" is used to form the past participle of verbs, especially in older English.
* Examples:
* Broken: past participle of "break"
* Stolen: past participle of "steal"
5. Adverbial suffix: In rare cases, "-en" can be used to form adverbs.
* Examples:
* Sudden: suddenly
* Often: frequently
It's important to consider the context of the word to determine the specific meaning of "-en."