Formal:
* Comment allez-vous? (This is the most formal way to ask.)
Informal:
* Comment vas-tu? (This is used with friends, family, and people you know well.)
* Ça va? (This is the most casual way to ask, literally meaning "It goes?")
More casual and friendly:
* Quoi de neuf? (What's new?)
* Comment ça va? (How's it going?)
Remember:
* You can also add "bien" (good) or "mal" (bad) after the question to indicate you're doing well or not.
* If you're asking "how are you" in the context of someone's health, you might say "Comment vous sentez-vous?" (Formal) or "Comment tu te sens?" (Informal).
Hope this helps!