Complete Sentence:
* Comma goes inside the quotation marks: This is the standard rule in American English.
* Example: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog," said the teacher.
Fragment:
* Comma goes outside the quotation marks: This applies when the quotation is part of a larger sentence.
* Example: The teacher said, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
Exceptions:
* Direct address: If the quotation includes a direct address, the comma goes inside the quotation marks even if the quotation is a fragment.
* Example: "John," she whispered, "I need your help."
* Other punctuation: If the quotation includes other punctuation (like a question mark or exclamation point), those go inside the quotation marks.
* Example: "Did you see that?" she exclaimed.
Important Note: British English often places commas outside of quotation marks regardless of whether the quotation is a complete sentence or a fragment.