Here's why:
* Participle: A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective. In this case, "sighing" is the present participle of the verb "to sigh".
* Phrase: A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and verb.
* Function: The phrase "sighing loudly" modifies the noun "Kristen", telling us how she accepted her punishment.
Let me know if you have any other sentences you'd like to analyze!