Comparative:
* Later: This is the standard comparative form, meaning "more late."
* Latter: This means "the second of two things mentioned." It's not a true comparative of "late" but is often confused with "later."
Superlative:
* Latest: This is the standard superlative, meaning "most late."
* Last: This is the superlative of "late" in the sense of "final" or "ending a series." It's not a true superlative of "late" but is often confused with "latest."
Here are some examples:
* Comparative: I arrived later than expected.
* Superlative: This is the latest news update.
* Latter: Of the two options, the latter is more appealing.
* Last: This is the last time I'll be asking you to do this.
Important Note: While "later" and "latest" are used for comparing the degree of lateness, "latter" and "last" refer to position in a sequence.