Formal:
* Conversation: This is the most basic meaning, but it implies a formal, structured exchange of ideas.
* Discussion: Similar to conversation, but with a focus on exploring a specific topic or issue.
* Communication: This is a broader term encompassing any form of exchange of information.
* Debate: A formal and often contentious exchange of arguments.
* Dialogue: A more formal and respectful conversation, often emphasizing understanding different viewpoints.
Informal:
* Talk: A more casual and less formal way of referring to conversation.
* Speech: A formal address or presentation, often focusing on a specific topic.
* Writing: Written communication, such as an essay, article, or book.
Other:
* Argument: A reasoned presentation of ideas, often intended to persuade.
* Analysis: A detailed examination and explanation of a topic.
Example:
* "The political discourse surrounding climate change is often heated and divisive." (Here, discourse refers to a formal exchange of ideas on a specific topic).
* "The professor's discourse on the history of philosophy was fascinating." (Here, discourse refers to a formal speech or lecture).
Ultimately, the closest meaning to discourse will depend on the context in which the word is used.