* Explicitly stated: They are clearly defined and documented, not left to interpretation.
* Measurable: They can be objectively assessed and quantified, often using a numerical scale or checklist.
* Predetermined: They are established beforehand and remain consistent throughout the evaluation process.
Examples of formal criteria:
* Academic assessments: A rubric for grading an essay might include criteria like "thesis statement clarity," "evidence support," and "grammar and mechanics."
* Job applications: A job posting might list formal criteria like "Bachelor's degree required," "3 years of experience," and "strong communication skills."
* Research proposals: A funding agency might have formal criteria for evaluating research proposals, including "scientific merit," "research feasibility," and "impact potential."
* Quality control: A company might have formal criteria for evaluating the quality of its products, such as "dimensions," "material specifications," and "performance standards."
In contrast to informal criteria, which are subjective and less clearly defined, formal criteria provide:
* Fairness and objectivity: Everyone is evaluated by the same standards, reducing bias.
* Transparency: The criteria are open and available for all to see, promoting accountability.
* Consistency: The evaluation process is more reliable and repeatable, leading to more consistent results.
It's important to note that formal criteria are not always perfect. They can sometimes be too rigid and inflexible, failing to account for individual nuances or exceptional circumstances. Finding a balance between formal and informal criteria can often lead to more comprehensive and accurate evaluations.