Here's how a metaphor works:
1. Tenor: The subject or concept being described.
2. Vehicle: The image or object used for comparison.
3. Ground: The underlying similarity between the tenor and vehicle.
Example: "He is a lion in battle."
* Tenor: He (the person)
* Vehicle: Lion
* Ground: Their shared qualities of strength and courage.
While the words "lion" and "battle" are used, the metaphor is built on the *implied comparison* between the person's bravery and the lion's ferocity.
Other common structures of metaphors:
* Implied metaphors: Don't explicitly state the comparison. "The ship plowed through the waves" implies a comparison between the ship and a plow.
* Extended metaphors: Develop the comparison over several sentences or paragraphs.
* Mixed metaphors: Combine two or more metaphors that clash, creating an awkward or humorous effect.
In summary, a metaphor doesn't use specific words, but rather a structure of comparison to create a vivid and imaginative understanding of the subject.