Here's why:
* Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They tell us *how*, *when*, *where*, *why*, or *to what extent* something happens.
* In this case, the clause "whenever there is a bluegrass festival" modifies the (implied) verb in the sentence, telling us *when* something happens.
For example:
* Whenever there is a bluegrass festival, the town comes alive with music. ("Whenever..." tells us *when* the town comes alive.)
Let me know if you'd like more examples!