General:
* Support
* Scaffolding
* Framework
* Stand
* Structure
* Gable (for a roof support)
* Stilt
For tables:
* Base
* Table frame
* Legs
* Pedestal
For bridges:
* Bridge support
* Abutment
* Pier
* Girder
The best synonym to use will depend on the specific context and what you want to emphasize.