Here's a breakdown:
Pronouns that substitute nouns:
* Personal pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, it, us, them
* Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
* Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
* Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
* Indefinite pronouns: someone, anyone, nobody, everything, something, etc.
* Interrogative pronouns: who, whom, whose, what, which
Pronouns that don't directly substitute nouns:
* Relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that (These connect clauses and often introduce a relative clause describing a noun.)
* Reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another (These refer to a mutual relationship between two or more people or things.)
Example:
* Noun substitution: "The dog chased the ball. It was red." (The pronoun "it" replaces the noun "ball.")
* Relative pronoun: "The man who lives next door is a doctor." (The pronoun "who" introduces a clause that modifies the noun "man.")
Key takeaway: While most pronouns are used to substitute nouns, relative and reciprocal pronouns serve different grammatical functions within a sentence.