Here's a breakdown:
* Noun clauses act like nouns in a sentence. They can be the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the complement of a verb.
* Subject: *What they said* surprised everyone.
* Direct object: I know *who stole the cookies*.
* Indirect object: She told *whoever was listening* the truth.
* Object of a preposition: We talked about *what happened at the party*.
* Complement: The problem is *that we are out of time*.
Key characteristics of noun clauses:
* They typically start with words like: *that, what, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever, whether, if, how, why, when, where*.
* They have a subject and a verb.
* They can be embedded within a larger sentence.
Let me know if you'd like to explore specific examples of noun clauses in different grammatical functions!