General terms:
* Statement: This is the most general term.
* Sentence: A grammatically complete statement that expresses a complete thought.
* Phrase: A group of words that functions as a unit within a sentence, but doesn't express a complete thought on its own.
More specific terms:
* Assertion: A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.
* Claim: A statement that is presented as true, but may be disputed.
* Declaration: A formal and official announcement.
* Summary: A concise statement of the main points of a longer text.
* Quote: A direct repetition of something said or written by someone else.
* Slogan: A short, memorable phrase used in advertising or politics.
* Motto: A brief statement expressing a guiding principle or belief.
Examples:
* "The sky is blue." (Statement)
* "I love dogs." (Sentence)
* "Running fast." (Phrase)
* "I am the best student." (Assertion)
* "The earth is flat." (Claim)
* "Independence is declared!" (Declaration)
* "The main points are..." (Summary)
* "She said, 'I love you.'" (Quote)
* "Just do it." (Slogan)
* "Honesty is the best policy." (Motto)
The best term to use depends on the specific situation.