Here's a breakdown:
* Modal auxiliary verb: These verbs (like "would," "could," "should," "may," "might") express possibility, ability, necessity, etc. They always come before a main verb.
* Past perfect: This tense indicates an action that was completed before another action in the past.
* Conditional: This indicates a hypothetical situation or a possibility that depends on something else.
Together, "would have been" expresses a conditional past action. For example:
* "I would have been happy to go, but I was sick." (The speaker is expressing a hypothetical situation that didn't happen.)
Let me know if you have any other questions!