Meaning "new" or "recent":
* Neolithic: Relating to the New Stone Age
* Neonatal: Relating to newborn infants
* Neophyte: A beginner or novice
* Neologism: A newly coined word or expression
* Neoclassical: Relating to a revival of classical styles in art, literature, music, etc.
* Neo-Gothic: Relating to a revival of Gothic architectural styles
* Neorealism: A style of filmmaking characterized by its realistic depiction of everyday life
* Neoplatonism: A philosophical system that developed from the teachings of Plato
* Neoliberalism: A modified form of liberalism emphasizing free-market capitalism
Other words:
* Neodymium: A rare earth element
* Neoprene: A synthetic rubber
* Neon: A noble gas used in fluorescent lighting
Note: The root "neo" can sometimes be combined with prefixes like "post-" to create words like "post-neoclassical."