1. Auxiliaries (Helping Verbs):
* Modal auxiliaries: These verbs add shades of meaning like possibility, ability, necessity, etc. (e.g., can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must)
* Aspect auxiliaries: These verbs indicate the duration or completion of the action. (e.g., be + -ing (present continuous), have + -ed (past participle))
* Voice auxiliaries: These verbs indicate whether the subject performs the action (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). (e.g., be + -ed (passive voice))
Examples:
* Base verb: *walk*
* With modal: *will walk*
* With aspect: *is walking*
* With voice: *was walked*
2. Direct Objects:
* These nouns or pronouns receive the action of the verb.
* Example: *She *wrote* a *letter*. (letter is the direct object)
3. Indirect Objects:
* These nouns or pronouns tell to whom or for whom the action is performed.
* Example: *He gave* *her* a *present.* (her is the indirect object)
4. Adverbials:
* Adverbs, prepositional phrases, and other phrases that modify the verb by providing information about:
* Time: *He arrived* *early*.
* Place: *She studied* *in the library*.
* Manner: *He walked* *carefully*.
* Degree: *She sings* *very well*.
5. Prepositional Phrases:
* These phrases consist of a preposition and its object. They can function as adverbials or adjectivals.
* Example: *He went* *to the store*. (to the store is a prepositional phrase functioning as an adverbial)
6. Infinitive Phrases:
* These phrases consist of "to" plus a verb. They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
* Example: *He wanted* *to go*. (to go is an infinitive phrase functioning as a noun)
7. Gerund Phrases:
* These phrases consist of a gerund (a verb ending in -ing) plus any modifiers or objects. They function as nouns.
* Example: *Swimming* *is fun.* (swimming is a gerund phrase functioning as a noun)
8. Participial Phrases:
* These phrases consist of a participle (present or past) and any modifiers or objects. They function as adjectives.
* Example: *The *running* *water* is refreshing.* (running is a participle phrase functioning as an adjective)
Remember: You can combine these elements in various ways to create complex and nuanced verb phrases.