1. Sentence Structure:
* Complexity: Written prose often employs longer, more complex sentence structures with multiple clauses and modifiers, aiming for clarity and precision.
* Subordination: Written prose uses more subordination, linking clauses with conjunctions like "because," "although," and "while," creating intricate relationships between ideas.
* Parallelism: Parallel structures, such as lists or repeated sentence patterns, add elegance and emphasis to written prose.
2. Vocabulary:
* Precision: Written prose utilizes a wider range of vocabulary, aiming for precise and nuanced expression. It may employ technical terms, formal synonyms, and specialized language relevant to the topic.
* Figurative Language: Written prose frequently employs figurative language like metaphors, similes, and personification to add depth and imagery to the text.
* Formal Diction: Written prose often avoids slang, colloquialisms, and contractions, opting for a more formal and elevated tone.
3. Organization and Structure:
* Logical Structure: Written prose is meticulously structured, with clear paragraphs, transitions, and logical flow of ideas.
* Thesis and Supporting Arguments: Written prose often presents a clear thesis statement and develops supporting arguments with evidence and reasoning.
* Paragraph Structure: Written prose utilizes cohesive paragraphs with a topic sentence, supporting details, and a clear concluding statement.
4. Audience and Purpose:
* Formal Audience: Written prose is often directed at a formal audience, requiring a more polished and persuasive style.
* Specific Purpose: Written prose serves a specific purpose, whether it's to inform, persuade, or entertain. This purpose dictates the choice of language, tone, and organization.
5. Time and Revision:
* Reflection and Revision: Written prose allows for more time and reflection, enabling writers to carefully craft sentences, revise for clarity, and refine their ideas.
It's important to note that:
* Context matters: The complexity of written prose varies depending on the genre, audience, and purpose.
* Informality in writing: There are genres, like informal essays or personal writing, that employ a more conversational and less formal style.
While spoken language can also be complex, it often prioritizes immediacy, clarity, and the flow of conversation. Written prose, on the other hand, prioritizes clarity, precision, and persuasiveness, allowing for more deliberate and elaborate expression.